Use before, during, and after strategies appropriate to text and purpose.

Analyze and evaluate the strategies used before, during, and after viewing, listening, and reading including:

Before:

• tap, activate, and build prior knowledge (e.g., brainstorm and reflect on what needs to be known and explore how well it is already known)
• ask questions (e.g., formulate focus questions and search for answers in the text while viewing, listening, and reading; create an expectation outline to guide questions about text)
• preview text (e.g., reflect upon possible themes after being introduced to an upcoming text; preview and skim for text structure)
• anticipate message and author''s/presenter''s intent (e.g., discuss subject, raise questions about it, and seek possible solutions prior to viewing, listening, or reading; use an anticipation guide)
• predict what text will be about (e.g., make predictions before viewing, listening, or reading using evidence from the text to support thinking; consider previous study and experience to consider what might be found in text)
• set purpose (e.g., set a purpose that focuses on improving understanding of what text presents – intent, ideas, form, technique, tone).

During:

• connect and construct meaning (e.g., keep an open mind and consider how text relates to self, to other texts, and to the world giving specific examples)
• note key ideas and what supports them (e.g., determine what the text presents literally and what the text might mean by what is said)
• construct mental images (e.g., imagine what the text might intend by considering the words that help one to see, hear, smell, taste, or feel experiences and situations)
• make, confirm, and adjust predictions (e.g., predict, clarify, and confirm predictions)
• make, confirm, and adjust inferences and draw conclusions (e.g., draw conclusions based on evidence in text)
• ask questions (e.g., ask and answer questions about the intent of the text and its effectiveness)
• use cueing systems to construct meaning and self-monitor comprehension (e.g., make notes in own words and organize them using headings)
• adjust rate and/or strategy (e.g., skim, scan, and read carefully) in keeping with purpose and difficulty of text.

After:

• recall, paraphrase, summarize, and synthesize (e.g., provide evidence of understanding the complex ideas and plots in a text)
• reflect and interpret (e.g., consider what has been learned through the text)
• analyze and evaluate (e.g., analyze and explain the purpose, message, values, artistry, or perspective presented in the text)
• evaluate craft and techniques (e.g., analyze and discuss the artistry of the text)
• respond personally (giving support from text) (e.g., compare own values with those presented in text)
• listen, read, or view again and speak, write, and represent to deepen understanding and pleasure (e.g., review text for insights into cultures and time periods).