English Language Arts 20 (2026)

(a)	Examine specific author/creator moves (e.g., diction, metaphor, repetition, imagery, fragmented sentences, shifts in tone, strategic dialogue) that shape tone and mood.
(b)	Analyze how craft techniques in descriptive texts (e.g., sensory detail, figurative language, spatial or chronological structure, selective focus) evoke emotion, create atmosphere or highlight significance (see Appendix D).
(c)	Analyze how craft techniques in narrative texts (e.g., character and plot development, point of view, dialogue, flashbacks, setting, pacing, text features, anecdote, organizational structure, evidence selection) immerse the reader and build engagement (see Appendix E).
(d)	Analyze how craft techniques in poetic texts (e.g., line breaks, stanza structure, repetition, rhythm, figurative language, imagery, sound devices) create emotion and emphasis (see Appendix F).
(e)	Analyze how craft techniques in expository texts (e.g., organizational structure, text features, rhetorical questions, anecdotal examples, tone) clarify ideas and guide understanding (see Appendix G).
(f)	Analyze how craft techniques in persuasive texts (e.g., counterarguments, rhetorical devices), including rhetorical appeals (i.e., ethos, pathos, logos, kairos, telos) influence beliefs, emotions or actions (see Appendix H).
(g)	Evaluate how strategies in oral texts (e.g., inflection, pacing, volume, pausing, emphasis) affect audience engagement and interpretation.
(h)	Analyze how non-verbal craft techniques (e.g., facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye contact) contribute to meaning, tone, and audience impact in live or recorded performances, speeches and oral storytelling.
(i)	Evaluate how creators use intentional design choices (e.g., sequencing, layout, white space, sound, visual composition) to enhance clarity, atmosphere or argument strength.
(j)	Analyze how sentence- and word-level craft techniques (e.g., parallelism, rule of three, syntactic variation, repetition of key terms or structures, parts of speech) influence emphasis, rhythm, clarity, tone, and persuasive or expressive impact across texts.
(k)	Analyze how different authors/creators approach similar themes, issues or ideas through distinct stylistic and structural decisions (e.g., extended metaphors, different points of view).
(l)	Explain how diverse languages (e.g., signed, spoken, and multilingual language use) and modes of communication (e.g., captions, visual supports) convey meaning and emotion in compositions.

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