English Language Arts 20 (2026)
ELA20.13
Apply appropriate spelling, grammar, punctuation and language conventions according to genre, purpose and audience.
Indicators for this outcome
| (a) | Apply grammar, syntax, punctuation and spelling conventions to enhance clarity and coherence in original compositions. |
| (b) | Adjust use of language conventions based on purpose, audience and genre (e.g., formal conventions for academic essays; strategic flexibility for creative, spoken word, or informal compositions). |
| (c) | Use morphological strategies (i.e., analyzing roots, prefixes and suffixes) to spell complex words accurately and to expand academic vocabulary. |
| (d) | Edit drafts purposefully to correct errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar, focusing on patterns of strength and recurring areas for improvement. |
| (e) | Utilize punctuation and syntax intentionally to control pacing, emphasis and tone in compositions (e.g., varied sentence lengths, line breaks, strategic use of commas, dashes, pauses). |
| (f) | Organize ideas into cohesive sections (e.g., paragraphs, scenes, stanzas, frames, slides) that reflect purposeful shifts in focus, topic, speaker, time, or tone to support clarity, coherence and audience understanding in original compositions. |
| (g) | Reflect on how choices in tone, formality and language precision affect audience perception and comprehension. |
| (h) | Recognize and discuss the evolving nature of language conventions across different cultural, social and digital contexts (e.g., how African American Vernacular English has grammatical rules distinct from Standard American English; how professional vs. peer dialogue changes in tone, formality and structure; how emojis, hashtags, or acronyms can shift meaning and tone). |
| (i) | Use appropriate citation styles in formal writing (e.g., MLA for literary and artistic analysis; APA for research, informational, or social science-related texts), selecting format based on context, discipline and audience. |
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