English Language Arts 10 (2026)
ELA10.9
Examine how craft techniques enhance the meaning and impact of texts.
Indicators for this outcome
| (a) | Explore specific author/creator moves (e.g., diction, metaphor, repetition, imagery, fragmented sentences, shifts in tone, strategic dialogue) that shape tone and mood. |
| (b) | Examine how craft techniques in descriptive texts (e.g., sensory detail, figurative language, spatial or chronological structure, selective focus) evoke emotion, create atmosphere or highlight significance (see Appendix D). |
| (c) | Examine how craft techniques in narrative texts (e.g., character and plot development, point of view, dialogue, flashbacks, setting, pacing) immerse the reader and build engagement (see Appendix E). |
| (d) | Examine how craft techniques in poetic texts (e.g., line breaks, stanza structure, repetition, rhythm, figurative language, imagery, sound devices) create emotion and emphasis (see Appendix F). |
| (e) | Examine how craft techniques in expository texts (e.g., organizational structure, text features, rhetorical questions, anecdotal examples, tone) clarify ideas and guide understanding (see Appendix G). |
| (f) | Examine how craft techniques in persuasive texts (e.g., counterarguments, rhetorical devices), including rhetorical appeals (i.e., ethos, pathos, logos, kairos, telos) influence beliefs, emotions or actions (see Appendix H). |
| (g) | Discuss how strategies in oral texts (e.g., inflection, pacing, volume, pausing, emphasis) affect audience engagement and interpretation. |
| (h) | Analyze how non-verbal craft techniques (e.g., facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye contact) contribute to meaning, tone, and audience impact in live or recorded performances, speeches and oral storytelling. |
| (i) | Analyze how creators use intentional design choices (e.g., sequencing, layout, white space, sound, visual composition) to enhance clarity, atmosphere or argument strength. |
| (j) | Examine how sentence- and word-level craft techniques (e.g., parallelism, rule of three, sentence length and variety, repetition, parts of speech) impact emphasis, rhythm, and meaning in texts. |
| (k) | Compare how different authors/creators approach similar themes, issues or ideas through distinct stylistic and structural decisions (e.g., extended metaphors, different points of view). |
| (l) | Consider how diverse languages (e.g., signed, spoken, and multilingual language use) and modes of communication (e.g., captions, visual supports) convey meaning and emotion in compositions. |
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